He Mātaitanga o te Reo Matatini me te Pāngarau: Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Wairarapa, i Whakaoriori
Te Horopaki o te Rangahau
E tū ana Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Wairarapa ki Whakaoriori. He kura rumaki reo Māori e whakarato ana i te mātauranga mā ngā tikanga whakaaro o Te Aho Matua, ki ngā ākonga o ngā tau 1 ki te 13, me ō rātou whānau. E 90 ngā ākonga ki te rārangi ingoa o te kura, ā, he Māori te katoa. Tokoiwa ngā kaimahi whakaako.
Pērā i ngā kura rumaki reo Māori katoa, ko te reo Māori te reo whakaako. Ko te whāinga matua o Te Aho Matua, kia tū pakari, kia tū rangatira ngā ākonga katoa hei raukura mō ō rātou iwi. Ko ngā tikanga whakaaro o Te Aho Matua mō te whakaako me te ako, ka ahu mai i te rongomaiwhiti, i te motuhake hoki o ngā uara me ngā whakapono e whai ake nei:
Ka hāngai Te Tino Uaratanga o Te Aho Matua ki:
- Te Ira Tangata – kia whakawhanake te ākonga i tōna oranga ā-tinana, ā-wairua, ā-hinengaro hoki, i tōna mōhio ki tōna mana āhua ake, ā, i te mātau, i te whakaute hoki ki a ia anō, ki ētahi atu
- Te Reo Māori - kia mātau te ākonga ki te whakaaro, ki te kōrero, ki te pānui, me te tuhi i roto i te reo Māori me te reo Tauiwi
- Ngā Iwi - kia mau tūhonohono te here o te ihomatua o te ākonga ki ōna mātua tūpuna, ā, ki ngā tūmanako me ngā wawata hoki o te whānau, o te hapū, me te iwi
- Te Ao - kia mōhio te ākonga ki ngā tirohanga moroki me ngā tirohanga tuku iho o te ao Māori, o te ao whānui, o te ao tūroa, o tōna nā ao tonu
- Āhuatanga Ako - E whakaihiihia ana te hinengaro o te ākonga ki tētahi taiao e āta poipoi ana i te ako.
Ka kitea ki ngā ākonga ō rātou manawa whakahī, ō rātou ngākau titikaha hoki i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tūmomo horopaki. E tautokona ana rātou kia tū ā tōna wā hei kaiārahi. E ako ana ngā ākonga ki tētahi taiao whai hua e poipoi ana i a rātou, ā, e whakatairanga ana ngā kaiako i ngā hononga papai ki waenga i ngā ākonga, mā te whakatauira i te whakaute, i te manaaki, i te tautoko hoki. He ngākau titikaha ō ngā ākonga ki te tū ki te ao Māori me te ao whānui. He pai te āhua o ngā taumata e pā ana ki te ahu whakamua me ngā whakatutukitanga puta noa i te kura, inarā i te wharekura, arā, he teitei ake ngā paetae ākonga o te wharekura i ērā o te toharite ā-motu.
Nō te Hōngongoi o te tau 2021 te rōpū rangahau i toro atu ai ki Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Wairarapa, ā, i kōrero tahi rātou ki ngā kaiārahi matua o te reo matatini me te pāngarau, hei āta kapo atu i ngā tirohanga a ngā kaiako me ngā kaiārahi.
Ngā Kitenga: Te Reo Matatini
Te angitu mō ngā ākonga o Te Reo Matatini
I whakapuakihia e ngā kaiako me ngā kaiārahi, ko te tohu o te angitu i roto i te reo matatini, ko te wā e whai wāhi nui ana ngā ākonga ki te pānui me te tuhituhi. He mea nui kia rongo ā rātou ākonga i te māia me te pārekareka i roto i ngā akoranga, i a rātou e whakapakari ana i ngā pūkenga e pā ana ki te reo matatini. Tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ka noho hira hoki ki ngā kaiako, ko te tahuri o ngā ākonga ki te “[make] practical use of these skills [and] see the relevance of them in life, ia rā, ia rā.”
Ki tō te kura whakaaro, ko te teitei o ngā tūmanako tētahi tūāhuatanga matua e āta whakatau ai i te angitu o ngā ākonga katoa, heoi, kua whakataungia kia pāhi te 100% o ngā ākonga i roto i Te Taumata Mātauranga ā-Motu kua Taea. He pai tēnei kura ki te aroturuki i te ahu whakamua me ngā whakatutukitanga, ā, ki te āta tautoko hoki kia tāutu wawetia ngā wāhanga ngoikore o te ako, ā, ka āta aroturukitia, ka āta tautokona aua ākonga ki te eke angitu.
He aha te whakaratonga o Te Reo Matatini i tēnei wā?
Hui ai ngā kaiako kotahi te wā i ia wiki, ki te kōrero i te āhua tonu o ā rātou mahi hei tīma, i tēnā e whakaakona ana e rātou, ā, i ngā wāhanga mahi hei tautoko ake ki waenga i a rātou anō, kia āta whakatau i te angitu o ngā ākonga. He mea nui te mahi whakatōpū nei, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakapuaki ngātahi rātou i ō rātou whakaaro me ā rātou rauemi. Ka whakapuaki whakaritenga ngā kaiako o tēnei kura i ia te wā, hei āta whakatau i te kounga kairangi o ngā whakaakoranga puta noa i te kura.
E toro atu ana ngā kaiako ki ngā huarahi auaha e hāpai ana i te ahu whakamua o ngā ākonga i roto i te reo matatini. E mōhio ana ngā kaiako, ka ngākau nui ngā ākonga ki te ako mā ngā kēmu, nō te mea ka ngahau ake te ako mā te tākaro. Kua kitea e rātou, ko ngā kēmu pērā i te ‘He Kupu i-kore’ ka whai hua nui, nā te mea ka whiwhi ngā ākonga i tētahi kupu i runga i te kāri, kātahi rātou ka waihanga rerenga kōrero e hāngai ana ki taua kupu. Ka aro aua tūmomo kēmu ki ngā pūmanawa o ngā ākonga, he haumaru hoki, ā, ka whakatairanga i te whai wāhi nui.
I kōrero ngā kaiako mō te ‘Kaupapa Ake’, arā, he mahi aromatawai e kōkirihia ana e te ākonga. Ko tā te ākonga mahi, he whai i tētahi kaupapa me te whakatutuki haere i ngā āhuatanga katoa kia oti. Hei tauira, i titiro tētahi ākonga ki ngā tūmomo umanga: “If they wanted to become a hairdresser, what are all the things they need to do? This is getting them ready for when they go out and find a job.” Ka whakawhanake ake aua tūmomo wheako ako i te āheinga o te ākonga ki te kōkiri i tāna ako, ā, i tōna ngākau titikaha hoki ki te tūhura i ōna tūmomo ngākau nuitanga.
He aha ngā āhuatanga e tika ana mō te whakapuakitanga o te kounga kairangi o ngā whakaakoranga me ngā akoranga o Te Reo Matatini?
I whakaae ngā kaiako me ngā kaiārahi katoa, me whiwhi i ngā rauemi, i te whakawhanaketanga ako ngaio hoki e tika ana, e whai pānga ana, hei hāpai i te whakapuakitanga o ngā hōtaka whakaako me ngā hōtaka akoranga o te kounga kairangi. E mōhio ana te kura, kāhore he whakawhanaketanga ako ngaio, he rauemi hoki e whai pānga ana, e tika ana, nō reira, he mātātoa tā rātou rapu i ngā rongoā auaha e whai hua ai ki a rātou, mā te tautoko o ngā kaitohutohu mātanga.
Kei te kaha hiahia ngā kaiako ki te whakaratonga o ngā rauemi me ngā whakawhanaketanga ako ngaio ka whakawhanakehia hei whakatutuki i ngā matea o ngā kura o Te Aho Matua. Kei te māramahia e ngā kaiako, he mea nui kia pou herea aua rauemi ki te ao Māori, ā, kia tuhia hoki ki te reo Māori.
Ngā Kitenga: Pāngarau
He pēhea rawa te āhua o te angitu mō ngā ākonga i roto i te pāngarau?
Ko te angitu i roto i te pāngarau i Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Wairarapa, koia ko te māia, te whitawhita, me te ngākau nui o ngā ākonga ki te kaupapa.
“[Our] goal is to grow a love of pāngarau, especially if they are already in that mindset that pāngarau is not a good thing. We must grow that passion. I want the kids to be excited and engaged in what they’re learning about.” – te reo o te Kaiārahi
Pērā i te reo matatini, ko te tūmanako o ngā kaiako me ngā kaiārahi o tēnei kura, kia pāhi te 100% o ngā ākonga, nā tēnā, ka whakarato rātou i ngā huarahi tautoko katoa e tika ana hei āta whakatau i te tiketike o ngā tatauranga pāhi o ngā ākonga.
Ko tētahi tūāhuatanga matua i tēnei kura, kia whakawhanakehia ai te ngākau nui me te whitawhita ki te pāngarau, ko te whakaatu me pēhea te kaupapa e whai pānga ana ki ngā ākonga i roto i ō rātou nā ao o ia rā.
“[It’s important that] they see the relevance [of pāngarau] in the world around them.” – te reo o te Kaiārahi
Ki tā te titiro a te kura, ko tētahi atu tūāhuatanga e whai wāhi atu ana ki tēnā, ko te whakarato i ngā kaupapa ako e whai pānga ana, e tika ana hoki, ā, e tūhono ana i ngā ākonga ki ō rātou nā wheako tūturu, ki te ao Māori hoki. Ko tētahi tauira o taua tūāhuatanga, ko te wā i whakaako i te ine me ngā whakawhitinga (mai i ngā mita ki ngā kiromita), ā, ka whakatakotohia e te kaiako te tawhiti, mai i te kura ki ētahi wāhi e mōhiotia ana e ngā ākonga, kia whakaakona e ia mā te horopaki e whai pānga ana ki ngā wheako o ngā ākonga.
E ai ki ngā kaiako, he nui ngā rauemi o te pāngarau, nā te whakapau kaha a te kura nei i roto i te roanga o ngā tau. Ki tō rātou whakaaro, kua whai wāhi tēnei ki te whakatutuki i ngā tūmanako mō ngā ākonga, ā, ki te ekenga hoki o ngā ākonga ki tua atu i aua tūmanako. Waihoki, ko te whai pānga, ko te tika hoki o ngā kiko kōrero o ngā kaupapa i miramiratia hei tino tūāhuatanga kia whai hua ai te aronga.
He aha te whakaratonga o te pāngarau i tēnei wā?
Ka whakaratohia te pāngarau i tēnei wā mā Te Marautanga o Aotearoa me ngā whakamāoritanga o ngā pukapuka matua reo Pākehā mō te pāngarau e tuituia ai e ngā kaiako ki ngā horopaki o te ao Māori. Ki tā ngā kaiako e meatia ana kāhore taua huarahi e tino pai, heoi anō rā, ka noho ū rātou ki te angitu o ngā ākonga, ā, ka tino whakapau kaha rātou ki te āta whakatau i te eke angitu o ngā ākonga. He mārama ngā wawata o te kura nei, kia ahu whakamua ai rātou ki te pāngarau e ahu mai ai i te mātauranga Māori.
He auaha te āhua o te ahu whakamua o te kura kia eke angitu ai ngā ākonga katoa. Kua tau iho te māramatanga ki a rātou, ka whai hua ake te ako a ngā ākonga mā ngā “small, focused chunks” o te kiko kaupapa, ā, ka whai hua ake te takahuri i ngā whenu, i te arotahi ki te kaupapa kotahi i ia wāhanga. Kua kitea e te kura, ka hāpai taua aronga i ngā ākonga ki te whakatōpū i ā rātou akoranga o te pāngarau, puta noa i te tau.
Ka whakamahi te kura nei i te maha o ngā taputapu matihiko hei hāpai i ngā akoranga a ngā ākonga, pērā i te Paekupu, i Te Kete Ipurangi, i te Prodigy, i te Mathletics, i te CODE.org, me te NZ Maths.
He aha ngā āhuatanga e tika ana mō te whakapuakitanga o te kounga kairangi o ngā whakaakoranga me ngā akoranga o te pāngarau?
Pērā anō hoki i te reo matatini, ki tā ngā kaiako titiro, e tika ana te whiwhi wawe i ngā rauemi me te whakawhanaketanga ako ngaio e whai pānga ana, e wāhi pūtake ana hoki. E ai ki a rātou, kāhore rātou i whakapā atu ki te whakawhanaketanga ako ngaio nā te “external PLD for maths [being] next to nothing.” Ki tā te kaiārahi i kōrero ai ki Te Tari Arotake Mātauranga, tērā pea ko tā rātou noho taratahi ka pā tōraro ki tā rātou toro atu ki te whakawhanaketanga ako ngaio i ētahi atu tāone nui. I mua, kua toro atu te kura ki a Ako Panuku mō te tautoko i roto i te whakawhanaketanga ako ngaio, ā, he huarahi tēnei i whai hua ai ki a rātou, i hāngai pū hoki ki ā rātou whakaritenga. Ka aro nui te kura ki te whakawhanaketanga ako ngaio o roto hei hāpai i ngā tikanga ako o ngā kaiako. Ka tahuri nui tēnei kura ki te whakaratonga o te whakawhanaketanga ako ngaio, mai i tētahi kaiwhakarato e mārama ana ki te kura rumaki reo Māori / te kura o Te Aho Matua.
Ki te titiro a te kura, me whiwhi rātou i te tautoko tonu i roto pū i te pāngarau, mō Te Taumata Mātauranga ā-Motu kua Taea me ngā tikanga ako a ngā kaiako, mai i te tirohanga o te ao Māori.
I āta whakapuakihia e te tumuaki, he mea nui te whiwhi i te maha ake o ngā rauemi ako ā-ringa, hei hāpai i te whakaako i te pāngarau.
“Practical, hands on stuff is a necessity, even at Wharekura.” – te reo o te Kaiārahi
Waihoki, ko tō te kura e hiahia ana, ko te maha ake o ngā rauemi e whakawhanakehia ana hei hāpai i te marautanga pāhekoheko.
“I’d like to see examples of how one activity can have multiple strands fall out of it, like algebra.” – te reo o te Kaiako
Tanya Savage
Te Pou Mataaho - Manager Evaluation and Research – Māori Services
Te Reo Matatini me Pāngarau Case Study: Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Wairarapa, Masterton
Te Horopaki o te Rangahau | Research context
Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Wairarapa is located in Masterton. As a Māori-medium kura they provide an education based on the philosophy of Te Aho Matua for Years 1-13 students and their whānau. The kura has a roll of 90 students, all of which identify as Māori. There are nine teaching staff.
Like all Māori-medium kura, te reo Māori is the language of instruction. The overarching goal of Te Aho Matua is that students are high achievers who exemplify the hopes and aspirations of their people. Te Aho Matua philosophy for teaching and learning is based on the following unique and distinctive values and beliefs.
Te Tino Ūaratanga o Te Aho Matua are:
- Te Ira Tangata – The student develops physical, spiritual and emotional wellbeing, an awareness of his or her individual uniqueness and knowledge and respect for him or herself and others
- Te Reo Māori - The student is a competent thinker, speaker, reader and writer of Te Reo Māori and English
- Ngā Iwi - The student is secure in the knowledge of ancestral links, and the hopes and aspirations of whānau, hāpu and iwi
- Te Ao - The student knows the contemporary and traditional views of te Ao Māori, the wider world and the physical and natural world
- Āhuatanga Ako - The student is intellectually stimulated in an environment conducive to learning.
Students demonstrate pride and confidence in a range of contexts. They are being supported to become leaders. Students learn in a positive and nurturing environment where kaiako promote positive relationships amongst the students by actively modelling respect, care and support. Students can confidently acknowledge their place in the Māori world and the wider world. Levels of progress and achievement is positive kura-wide, especially in the wharekura where student achievement excels the national average.
The research team visited Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Wairarapa in July 2021 and spoke with key leaders of te reo matatini and pāngarau to gain kaiako and leaders’ perspectives.
Ngā Kitenga - Findings: Te Reo Matatini
Success for students in Te Reo Matatini
Kaiako and leaders articulated that success in te reo matatini is when students are highly engaged in pānui and tuhituhi. It is important that their students feel confident and enjoy learning as they master skills in te reo matatini. Further to this, kaiako place a high importance on students “[making] practical use of these skills [and] see the relevance of them in life, ia rā, ia rā.”
This kura considers high expectations a key factor to ensure success for all students and as such expects 100% pass rate for NCEA. This kura is good at monitoring progress and achievement and putting in the necessary support to ensure potential gaps in learning are identified early and students are closely monitored and supported towards achievement.
What is the current provision of Te Reo Matatini?
Kaiako hui once a week to discuss where they are at as a team, what they are teaching, and where they can support each other to ensure student success. This collaboration is important, and they often share ideas and resources. Kaiako in this kura share practice on a regular basis to ensure high quality teaching across the kura.
Kaiako are finding innovative ways to support student’s progression in te reo matatini. Kaiako acknowledge that students enjoy learning through games as it increases the fun element of learning. They found that games such as ‘He Kupu i-kore’ worked well because students are given a kupu on a card and then they create sentences about the kupu. These types of games are strength based and low risk for learners and generates high engagement.
Kaiako spoke of ‘Kaupapa Ake’, a self-directed assessment task where students were tasked with a kaupapa, and they undertake all aspects required in its completion. For example, one student looked at careers: “If they wanted to become a hairdresser, what are all the things they need to do? This is getting them ready for when they go out and find a job.” These types of learning experiences further develop student’s ability to drive their learning and the confidence to explore areas of interest.
What is required to deliver high quality teaching and learning in Te Reo Matatini?
All kaiako and leaders agreed that having appropriate and relevant resources and professional learning and development (PLD) are required to deliver high quality teaching and learning programmes. While this kura acknowledges there is a lack of relevant and appropriate PLD and resources, they actively seek creative solutions for themselves through support from expert consultants.
Kaiako would welcome the provision of resources and PLD which were developed to meet the needs of Te Aho Matua kura. These kaiako understand the importance of these resources being underpinned by te ao Māori and written in te reo Māori.
Ngā Kitenga - Findings: Pāngarau
What does success look like for students in pāngarau?
Success in pāngarau for Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Wairarapa, looks like students who are confident in the subject, and have a love and passion for it.
“[Our] goal is to grow a love of pāngarau, especially if they are already in that mindset that pāngarau is not a good thing. We must grow that passion. I want the kids to be excited and engaged in what they’re learning about.” – Leader voice
As with te reo matatini, kaiako and leaders in this kura expect a 100% pass rate for their students and provide all necessary supports to ensure high student success rates.
A key factor for this kura in developing both a passion for and love of pāngarau, is to show how the subject is relevant to students in their everyday lives.
“[It’s important that] they see the relevance [of pāngarau] in the world around them.” – Leader voice
Another factor that this kura felt contributed to this, was having relevant and appropriate course content which connected to the students lived experiences and te ao Māori. An example of this was seen when teaching measurement and conversions (from meters to kilometers) where the kaiako gave distances from the kura to places students would be familiar with to teach the kaupapa in context to the students’ experiences.
Kaiako reported they felt pāngarau was well-resourced due to the efforts of this kura over many years. They believe this contributed to helping meet and exceed expectations for students. Furthermore, having relevant and appropriate course content was highlighted as an important factor which contributed to this.
What is the current provision of pāngarau?
The current provision of pāngarau is through Te Marautanga o Aotearoa and translations of English mathematics textbooks which kaiako then weave in ao Maori contexts. While kaiako acknowledge this is not ideal, they are adamant about student success, and they go to great lengths to ensure students are successful. This kura has clear aspirations to move towards having pāngarau that is derived from mātauranga Māori.
This kura is innovative in the way they work towards achieving success for all learners. They have come to understand that students learn best in “small, focused chunks” of content and that rotating whenu is more effective than focusing on one topic per term. This kura has found that this supports students to consolidate their learning in pāngarau across the year.
This kura uses many digital tools to support student learning such as Paekupu, Te Kete Ipurangi, Prodigy, Mathletics, CODE.org and NZ Maths.
What is required to deliver high quality teaching and learning in pāngarau?
As with te reo matatini kaiako refer to the immediate need for appropriate and relevant resources and PLD. They report that no PLD has been accessed due to “external PLD for maths [being] next to nothing.” The leader ERO spoke with suggested that there somewhat remote location creates barriers, and that it was difficult to access PLD in other cities. Historically this kura has used Ako Panuku for PLD support and they found this to be useful and well aligned to their setting. The kura relies heavily on internal PLD as a way to support teacher pedagogy. This kura would welcome PLD provision from a provider who understood Māori-medium/Te Aho Matua kura.
This kura believes they need further targeted support within pāngarau about NCEA and teacher pedagogy from a te ao Māori perspective.
The tumuaki emphasised that more hands-on learning resources are needed to help in teaching pāngarau.
“Practical, hands on stuff is a necessity, even at Wharekura.” – Leader voice
Further, the kura would like to see more resources developed which supports integrated curriculum.
“I’d like to see examples of how one activity can have multiple strands fall out of it, like algebra.” – Kaiako voice
Tanya Savage
Te Pou Mataaho - Manager Evaluation and Research – Māori Services